What are the four waves of terrorism?
The definition and the understanding of terrorism has largely been in a state of disarray since September 11th 2001. In order to address this and establish an understanding of modern terrorism, David Rapoport (2004) developed a wave system to define how different types of terrorism we have witnessed in the past century or so.
Rapoport (2004) defines a wave as ‘a cycle of activity in a given time period- a cycle characterised by expansion and contraction phases’ (p.48) and utilises this concept to explain the changes in the phenomenon of modern terrorism by categorising four waves of terrorism.
Rapoport, D. (2004) ‘The Four Waves of Modern Terrorism’, in A. Cronin and J. Ludes (ed) Attacking Terrorism: Elements of a Grand Strategy, Washington DC: Georgetown University Press, pp. 46-73
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