{"id":2382,"date":"2018-03-31T07:07:38","date_gmt":"2018-03-31T07:07:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/askanacademic.com\/uncategorized\/secondary-victims-duty-of-care-psychiatric-harm-135\/"},"modified":"2019-09-23T10:00:35","modified_gmt":"2019-09-23T10:00:35","slug":"secondary-victims-duty-of-care-psychiatric-harm-135","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/askanacademic.com\/law\/secondary-victims-duty-of-care-psychiatric-harm-135\/","title":{"rendered":"Can secondary victims of psychiatric harm be owed a duty of care?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Question<\/h2>\n<p>Can secondary victims of psychiatric harm be owed a duty of care?<\/p>\n<h2>Answer<\/h2>\n<p>Following the case of Alcock [1992], a defendant can be liable to secondary victims who were caused psychiatric illness if it was foreseeable that such an injury would be caused. This was in addition to the already stringent constraints put in place by McLoughlin v O\u2019Brian [1983]. The court here put three \u2018control mechanisms\u2019 in place to ensure the scope of liability on secondary victims was restricted.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Proximity of Relationship<br \/>\nFirstly, secondary victims must have a \u201cclose relationship of love and affection with the \u2018immediate\u2019 victims\u201d. However, the judges have considered bystanders of the incident can be secondary victims, thus not making the \u2018closeness\u2019 criteria a prerequisite.<\/li>\n<li>Proximity in Time and Space<br \/>\nTo succeed as a secondary victim, claimants would need to demonstrate a high degree of proximity to the accident in time and space. This would normally mean that they were a witness to the accident or in the course of the &#8216;immediate aftermath\u201d of the accident.<\/li>\n<li>By the means by which the illness is caused<br \/>\nThe third criterion has some overlaps with proximity, but specifically it identifies as the \u201cmeans by which the shock is caused\u201d. Therefore, considers secondary victim\u2019s perception of the course of events cannot be gradual, but rather immediate or sudden.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>References<\/h2>\n<!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on the_content --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on the_content --><!-- AddThis Related Posts generic via filter on the_content -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>An examination under tort law of whether secondary victims of psychiatric harm may be owed a duty of care.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1938,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Can secondary victims of psychiatric harm be owed a duty of care?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"An examination under 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