{"id":2009,"date":"2018-07-11T12:40:06","date_gmt":"2018-07-11T12:40:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/askanacademic.com\/uncategorized\/four-waves-of-terrorism-28\/"},"modified":"2019-09-20T13:50:36","modified_gmt":"2019-09-20T13:50:36","slug":"four-waves-of-terrorism-28","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/askanacademic.com\/politics-and-international-relations\/four-waves-of-terrorism-28\/","title":{"rendered":"Four waves of terrorism"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Question<\/h2>\n<p>What are the four waves of terrorism?<\/p>\n<h2>Answer<\/h2>\n<p>The definition and the understanding of terrorism has largely been in a state of disarray since September 11th 2001. In order to address this and establish an understanding of modern terrorism, David Rapoport (2004) developed a wave system to define how different types of terrorism we have witnessed in the past century or so.<\/p>\n<p>Rapoport (2004) defines a wave as \u2018a cycle of activity in a given time period- a cycle characterised by expansion and contraction phases\u2019 (p.48) and utilises this concept to explain the changes in the phenomenon of modern terrorism by categorising four waves of terrorism.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Anarchism (1880s- 1920s): believed that the state was the source of societal evil and injustice. The main tactic used was assassination of government officials.<\/li>\n<li>Anti-Colonial (1920s-1960s): wanted independence from western imperialists.<\/li>\n<li>Left Wing Radicalism (1960s-1990s): wanted to eliminate capitalism and bring about redistribution of wealth. Theatrical targets replace military targets: hijacking, kidnappings, taking hostages were amongst the most popular tactics.<\/li>\n<li>Religious Terrorism (1990s- Present day): Largely related to Islamic Terrorism. These terrorists believe that the influence of the Western world is tarnishing and corrupting the morality of the world. They see terrorism as a necessary means to defending their faith. Tactics including suicide bombings, high impact theatrical and symbolic targets.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>References<\/h2>\n<p>Rapoport, D. (2004) \u2018The Four Waves of Modern Terrorism\u2019, in A. Cronin and J. Ludes (ed) Attacking Terrorism: Elements of a Grand Strategy, Washington DC: Georgetown University Press, pp. 46-73<\/p>\n<!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on the_content --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on the_content --><!-- AddThis Related Posts generic via filter on the_content -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A short answer question detailing the four ways of terrorism<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1941,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Four waves of terrorism<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A short answer question detailing the four ways of terrorism\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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